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EDUCATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Students in Education and Human Development can get in touch with: The psychology of personal growth, educational psychology, and the psychology of children, adolescents and adults from a developmental perspective.

The education and human development concentration area includes an interdisciplinary framework to develop theories and practices that link how we raise our children — at school, in the family, and the community — to positive psychological outcomes in an interconnected global society. It concerns psychological development across the life span, from infancy, childhood, adolescence, to later life. For example, developmental psychology examines how babies and young children develop the ability to function in our world, including their attachment to the caregivers and their ability to communicate and think about the world. 

Can you delay gratification?

Imagine you are a 4-year-old child. You are given a piece of marshmallow and have a choice of eating it right away. But if you wait for 15 minutes, you can get one more.

Will you wait to get the second marshmallow?

The researchers followed these children up to their adolescence and found that those who sustained delayed gratification for a longer time in the original experiment were rated by their parents as more competent 10 years later [1]. Studies have shown that an ability to delay gratification for longer-term gains is predictive of stronger social competitiveness, higher working and learning efficiency, greater resilience in face of difficulties, and greater self-confidence in the future [2].Interestingly, this “self-control ability” involves a set of skills that can be taught and learned. 

[1] Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 687-696.
[2] Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. I. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933-938.

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