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Intervention for promoting old-age preparation in the community

Prof. Helene Fung

Issue

 

According to the World Health Organization, "Healthy Aging" is a concept that emphasizes innovation and the creation of settings and opportunities that let people develop into and be the people they value most in life. With an average life expectancy of around 85 years for both men and women, Hong Kong residents have the greatest life expectancy in the world. On average, a typical Hong Konger will therefore have more than 20 years following retirement. However, according to our most recent cross-cultural study, older adults in Hong Kong are less prepared for old age than those in Germany and the United States.

 

People who are unprepared for later life typically experience worse health (including a higher risk of mental illness), whereas those who are prepared can benefit from better physical and mental health. Being healthier will hence increase their independence, sense of security and be more adaptable overall in later life. In Hong Kong, the majority of retirement plans place more emphasis on the financial or health aspects than on the emotional requirements of senior citizens. Yet, based on prior research, these plans are not comprehensive enough.

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According to the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, as people get older, their motivational goals change to more emotionally significant goals. Older adults are more likely to recall and be persuaded to perform emotionally rewarding tasks compared to younger adults. Good relationships offer people social, emotional, and practical resources to combat loneliness, which is a major contributor to chronic illness, mental illness, and even mortality. Engaging in leisure activities in later life is strongly correlated with social-emotional needs, which fosters good social relationships and mediates between social interactions and our health.

Solution

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To have a fruitful and meaningful later life, early planning is necessary. Therefore, we hosted an intervention program that encourages participants aged 55 to 70 to plan for their later life and to promote the meaningfulness and self-relevance of later life preparation. The programme also covers two typically less-emphasized topics in addition to financial and health aspects, namely social relationships and leisure activities.

 

As part of our awareness event, our team attended the Golden Age Expo and Summit to promote the concept of planning for old age and combating ageism. In addition to a talk delivered by Prof. Helene Fung, a booth was set up to promote our workshops at our second event. In our booth, with the aid of a computer software, a portrait depicting participants' aging process was created and printed as a souvenir. Some of the participants were shocked upon seeing their "simulated older self" after the experience, but they also realized that this is when they needed to prepare proactively for the challenges of old age, while our program was an excellent opportunity to kickstart the preparation. In addition to the souvenir, attendees received a leaflet regarding our intervention program. As a result, we think that this program was successful in increasing participants' understanding of the importance of planning for old age.

 

Our second event consists of two half-day workshops and a six-month follow-up event. We invited speakers to present at the workshops so they could share their knowledge and advice on the four key areas of preparing for old age as mentioned above. After the presentations, a majority of the attendees were able to establish clear objectives and, more significantly, create a practical plan to attain those objectives during the workshops. As a result, we believe the intervention did encourage our participants to think about specific strategies for implementing old age preparation. During group activity sessions, we hope to assist participants in creating realistic goals for themselves, which they will then work toward independently or with other group members over the course of the following six months. We divided the participants into different groups based on their shared interests or hobbies, where they will create plans for activities as they prepare for old age. As a follow-up activity, participants are required to complete a series of questionnaires every two weeks in these six months. This allows us to learn about the activities they engaged in over the past two weeks, as well as the relevance and level of self-association of those activities. To encourage individuals to actively participate in social activities while staying safe during the pandemic, we have also provided some recommendations of activities with our questionnaires, such as some online activities provided by various non-governmental organizations.

Beneficiaries

 

  • 556 participants in the awareness event (general public) based on the number of leaflets that was delivered

  • 165 participants in the workshops (people aged 40 -80 years)

  • 4 organizations in the healthcare system that the workshop speakers represent as well as 280 organizations where brief reports of the project were delivered to as booklets at the end of the project

Social Impact

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We have achieved the following performance indicators:

  • Higher motivation to do preparation and readiness for their later life among participants immediately after the intervention

  • Higher engagement to do preparation among participants during follow-up assessment

  • Better psychological and physical well-being, relationship and life satisfaction after the follow-up assessment

  • Participants reported the ways in which the interventions are helpful in raising their motivation and providing more information for old age preparation.

  • Participants report taking proactive steps to prepare for their old-age suggested in the program such as reconnecting with old friends

  • Participants reported that the information provided in the workshop about old age preparation and the proactive steps they took to do preparation could improve their psychological and physical well-being as well as relationship and life satisfaction

  • Participants reported that they are satisfied with the intervention and are willing to adopt the key elements of the intervention in their everyday life

Project Team

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PROF HELENE FUNG
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY, FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

Supported by

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Knowledge Transfer Fund, Social Impact Fund  2020/22

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